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We report computational results of blood flow through a model of the humanaortic arch and a vessel of actual diameter and length. On the top of theaortic arch the branching of the %%three arteries are included: the subclavianand jugular. A realistic pulsatile flow is used in all simulations.Calculations for bifurcation type vessels are also carried out and presented.Different mathematical methods for numerical solution of the fluid dynamicsequations have been considered. The non-Newtonian behaviour of the human bloodis investigated together with turbulence effects. A detailed time-dependentmathematical convergence test has been carried out. The results of computersimulations of the blood flow in vessels of three different geometries arepresented: for pressure, strain rate and velocity component distributions wefound significant disagreements between our results obtained with realisticnon-Newtonian treatment of human blood and the widely used method in theliterature: a simple Newtonian approximation. A significant increase of thestrain rate and, as a result, a wall shear stress distribution, is found in theregion of the aortic arch. Turbulent effects are found to be important,particularly in the case of bifurcation vessels.

Computer Simulations of Pulsatile Human Blood Flow Through 3D-Models of  the Human Aortic Arch, Vessels of Simple Geometry and a Bifurcated Artery:  Investigation of Blood Viscosity and Turbulent Effects