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Detection of biomolecules is important in proteomics and clinical diagnosisand treatment of diseases. Here, we apply functionalized, macromolecular,single walled carbon nanotubes SWNTs as multi-color Raman labels to proteinarrays for highly sensitive, multiplexed protein detection. Raman detectionutilizes the sharp peaks of SWNTs with minimal background interference,affording a high signal to noise ratio needed for ultra-sensitive detection.Surface-enhanced Raman scattering SERS combined with the strong resonance Ramanintensity of SWNTs, affords detection sensitivity down to 1 fM, a three orderof magnitude improvement over most of reported fluorescence-based proteindetections. We show that human autoantibodies to Proteinase 3 aPR3, a biomarkerfor the autoimmune disease Wegeners granulomatosis, is detected by Raman inhuman serum up to a 107 dilution. Moreover, SWNT Raman tags are stable againstphotobleaching and quenching, and by conjugating different antibodies to pure12C and 13C SWNT isotopes, we demonstrate two-color SWNT Raman-based proteindetection in a multiplexed fashion.

Protein Microarrays with Carbon Nanotubes as Multi-Color Raman Labels