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We demonstrate a general and efficient informational cooling technique foratoms which is an experimental realization of a one-dimensional Maxwell'sDemon. The technique transfers atoms from a magnetic trap into an optical trapvia a single spontaneous Raman transition which is discriminatively driven neareach atom's classical turning point. In this way, nearly all of the atomicensemble's kinetic energy in one dimension is removed. We develop a simpleanalytical model to predict the efficiency of transfer between the traps andprovide evidence that the performance is limited only by particle dynamics inthe magnetic trap. Transfer efficiencies up to 2.2% are reported. We show thatefficiency can be traded for phase-space compression, and we report compressionup to a factor of 350. Our results represent a 15-fold improvement over ourprevious demonstration of the cooling technique.

Single-photon cooling at the limit of trap dynamics: Maxwell's Demon near maximum efficiency