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This fluid dynamics video shows three-dimensional vortex formation processfor plates in impulsive motion which is investigated experimentally by usingdefocusing digital particle image velocimetry (DDPIV). Rigid and flexible platecases are compared in order to study the effect of flexibility on 3D vortexformation and associated hydrodynamic forces. This study was motivated by thegeneral question of how the flexibility of flapping propulsors in flying andswimming animals affects vortex formation and propulsive force. For translatingand rotating motion, the flexible plate generates a vortex morphology which isdrastically different from that of the rigid plate. We identified thedeflection of the tip region as the source of this difference. The flexibleplate does not produce a large peak for the hydrodynamic force at the impulsivestart and stop. This force trend is correlated with smooth vortex formation andshedding processes.

3D vortex formation of rigid and flexible plates in impulsively starting motion