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We discuss the properties of devices of small Josephson junctions in thelight of the phase fluctuation theory and the energy band structure, whicharises from the delocalization of the phase variable. The theory is applied inthe realization of a mesoscopic amplifier, the Bloch oscillating transistor.The device characteristics and comparison with theory and simulations arediscussed. The current gain of the device in a stable operating mode has beenmeasured to be as high as 30. Measurements on input impedance and the powergain show that the BOT is an amplifier designed for middle-range impedances,ranging from 100 k$\Omega$ - 10 M$\Omega$.

Incoherent Cooper pair tunneling and energy band dynamics in small Josephson junctions - A study of the Bloch Oscillating Transistor