English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

In this lecture we discuss various properties of the phase factor of thefermion determinant for QCD at nonzero chemical potential. Its effect onphysical observables is elucidated by comparing the phase diagram of QCD andphase quenched QCD and by illustrating the failure of the Banks-Casher formulawith the example of one-dimensional QCD. The average phase factor and thedistribution of the phase are calculated to one-loop order in chiralperturbation theory. In quantitative agreement with lattice QCD results, wefind that the distribution is Gaussian with a width $\sim \mu T \sqrt V$ (for$m_\pi \ll T \ll \Lambda_{\rm QCD}$). Finally, we introduce, so-called teflonplated observables which can be calculated accurately by Monte Carlo eventhough the sign problem is severe.

Phase of the Fermion Determinant for QCD at Finite Chemical Potential