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Until recently, the only examples of inverted biomass pyramids have been infreshwater and marine planktonic communities. In 2002 and 2008 investigatorsdocumented inverted biomass pyramids for nearly pristine coral reef ecosystemswithin the NW Hawaiian islands and the Line Islands, where apex predatorabundance comprises up to 85% of the fish biomass. We build a new refuge basedpredator-prey model to study the fish biomass structure at coral reefs andinvestigate the effect of fishing on biomass pyramids. Utilizing realistic lifehistory parameters of coral reef fish, our model exhibits a stable invertedbiomass pyramid. Since the predators and prey are not well mixed, our modeldoes not incorporate homogeneous mixing and the inverted biomass pyramid is aconsequence of the refuge. Understanding predator-prey dynamics in nearlypristine conditions provides a more realistic historical framework forcomparison with fished reefs. Finally, we show that fishing transforms theinverted biomass pyramid to be bottom heavy.

Modeling Fish Biomass Structure at Near Pristine Coral Reefs and Degradation by Fishing