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We summarize observational results on the stellar population and starformation history of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association (Sco OB2), thenearest region of recent massive star formation. It consists of threesubgroups, Upper Scorpius (US), Upper Centaurus-Lupus (UCL), and LowerCentaurus-Crux (LCC) which have ages of about 5, 17, and 16 Myr. In UpperScorpius, numerous studies have recently revealed hundreds of low-massassociation members, including dozens of brown dwarfs. The empirical massfunction could be established over the full stellar mass range from 0.1 M_sunup to 20 M_sun, and was found to be consistent with recent determinations ofthe field initial mass function. A narrow range of ages around 5 Myr was foundfor the low-mass stars, the same age as had previously (and independently) beenderived for the high-mass members. This supports earlier indications that thestar formation process in US was triggered, and agrees with previousconjectures that the triggering event was a supernova- and wind-drivenshock-wave originating from the nearby UCL group. In the older UCL and LCCregions, large numbers of low-mass members have recently been identified amongX-ray and proper-motion selected candidates. In both subgroups, low-massmembers have also been serendipitously discovered through investigations ofX-ray sources in the vicinity of better known regions (primarily the Lupus andTW Hya associations). While both subgroups appear to have mean ages of ~16 Myr,they both show signs of having substructure. Their star-formation histories maybe more complex than that of the younger, more compact US group. ... (abstractabbreviated; see paper for full abstract).

The Nearest OB Association: Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco OB2)