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The goal of this paper is two-fold. First, to establish a tractable model forthe underwater acoustic channel useful for network optimization in terms ofconvexity. Second, to propose a network coding based lower bound fortransmission power in underwater acoustic networks, and compare this bound tothe performance of several network layer schemes. The underwater acousticchannel is characterized by a path loss that depends strongly on transmissiondistance and signal frequency. The exact relationship among power, transmissionband, distance and capacity for the Gaussian noise scenario is a complicatedone. We provide a closed-form approximate model for 1) transmission power and2) optimal frequency band to use, as functions of distance and capacity. Themodel is obtained through numerical evaluation of analytical results that takeinto account physical models of acoustic propagation loss and ambient noise.Network coding is applied to determine a lower bound to transmission power fora multicast scenario, for a variety of multicast data rates and transmissiondistances of interest for practical systems, exploiting physical properties ofthe underwater acoustic channel. The results quantify the performance gap intransmission power between a variety of routing and network coding schemes andthe network coding based lower bound. We illustrate results numerically fordifferent network scenarios.

Underwater Acoustic Networks: Channel Models and Network Coding based Lower Bound to Transmission Power for Multicast