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Part I is devoted to the extraction of the QCD coupling from a bound stateapproach at low energy scales, where unphysical singularities make theRG-improved pQCD useless. Theoretical results on the meson spectrum based on aBethe-Salpeter formalism adjusted for QCD have been exploited for thedetermination of experimental values of \alpha_s below 1GeV by comparison withthe data. Results quantitatively confirm the recently developed AnalyticPerturbation Theory approach to IR phenomena down to 200 MeV. Below this scalethe extracted values give a hint about the vanishing of the QCD coupling as Q^2goes to zero.  In part II the possibility of inferring the spin-dependent gluon distributionfrom scaling violations is addressed by performing a NLO analysis of inclusiveDIS data in pQCD. In addition, this work presents a phenomenological study ofopen-charm photoproduction in the polarized case, which is tailored to theCOMPASS experiment in view of upcoming data. It is shown that current inclusivedata allow a reliable determination of the gluon first moment, whereas thex-shape is significantly affected by the assumed functional form. On the otherhand, studies of charm pseudo-data reveal that the open-charm approach shouldbe capable to reduce the bias induced by the choice of input densities, and topin down the x-shape of the gluon polarization.

Extraction of characteristic constants in QCD with perturbative and nonperturbative methods