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This paper is concerned with the Schr\"odinger equation for atoms and ionswith N=1 to 10 electrons. In the asymptotic limit of large nuclear charge $Z$,we determine explicitly the low-lying energy levels and eigenstates.  The asymptotic energies and wavefunctions are in good quantitative agreementwith experimental data for positive ions, and in excellent qualitativeagreement even for neutral atoms ($Z=N$). In particular, the predicted groundstate spin and angular momentum quantum numbers ($^1S$ for He, Be, Ne, $^2S$for H and Li, $^4S$ for N, $^2P$ for B and F, and $^3P$ for C and O) agree withexperiment in every case.  The asymptotic Schr\"odinger ground states agree, up to small corrections,with the semi-empirical hydrogen orbital configurations developed by Bohr, Hundand Slater to explain the periodic table. In rare cases where our resultsdeviate from this picture, such as the ordering of the lowest ${}^1D^o$ and${}^3S^o$ states of the Carbon isoelectronic sequence, experiment confirms our,not Hund's, predictions.

Explicit large nuclear charge limit of electronic ground states for Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne and basic aspects of the periodic table