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In these companion papers, we study how the interrelated dynamics of sodiumand potassium affect the excitability of neurons, the occurrence of seizures,and the stability of persistent states of activity. We seek to study thesedynamics with respect to the following compartments: neurons, glia, andextracellular space. We are particularly interested in the slower time-scaledynamics that determine overall excitability, and set the stage for transientepisodes of persistent oscillations, working memory, or seizures. In thissecond of two companion papers, we present an ionic current network modelcomposed of populations of Hodgkin-Huxley type excitatory and inhibitoryneurons embedded within extracellular space and glia, in order to investigatethe role of micro-environmental ionic dynamics on the stability of persistentactivity. We show that these networks reproduce seizure-like activity if glialcells fail to maintain the proper micro-environmental conditions surroundingneurons, and produce several experimentally testable predictions. Our worksuggests that the stability of persistent states to perturbation is set byglial activity, and that how the response to such perturbations decays or growsmay be a critical factor in a variety of disparate transient phenomena such asworking memory, burst firing in neonatal brain or spinal cord, up states,seizures, and cortical oscillations.

The Influence of Sodium and Potassium Dynamics on Excitability, Seizures, and the Stability of Persistent States: II. Network and Glial Dynamics