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In this article, we analyze the morphometry of hippocampus in subjects withvery mild dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) and nondemented controls and howit changes over a two-year period. Morphometric differences with respect to atemplate hippocampus were measured by the metric distance obtained from theLarge Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping (LDDMM) algorithm which waspreviously used to calculate dense one-to-one correspondence vector fieldsbetween the shapes. LDDMM assigns metric distances on the space of anatomicalimages thereby allowing for the direct comparison and quantization ofmorphometric changes. We use various statistical methods to compare the metricdistances in a cross-sectional and longitudinal manner. At baseline, the metricdistances for demented subjects are found not to be significantly differentfrom those for nondemented subjects. At follow-up, the metric distances fordemented subjects were significantly larger compared to nondemented subjects.The metric distances for demented subjects increased significantly frombaseline to follow-up but not for nondemented subjects. We also use the metricdistances in logistic regression for diagnostic discrimination of subjects. Wecompare metric distances with the volumes and obtain similar results. Inclassification, the model that uses volume, metric distance, and volume lossover time together performs better in detecting DAT. Thus, metric distanceswith respect to a template computed via LDDMM can be a powerful tool indetecting differences in shape in cross-sectional as well as longitudinalstudies.

Analysis of Metric Distances and Volumes of Hippocampi Indicates  Different Morphometric Changes over Time in Dementia of Alzheimer Type and  Nondemented Subjects