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We examine the limits on viral composition that are set by the electrostaticinteractions effected by the charge on the viral proteins, the single-strandedviral RNA molecule and monovalent salt ions in the solution. Within themean-field model of viral energetics we demonstrate the prime importance of thesalt concentration for the assembly of a virus. We find that the encapsidationof the viral RNA molecule is thermodynamically suppressed in solutions withhigh concentrations of monovalent salt. This effect is significantly lessimportant in viruses with proteins whose charge distribution protrudes into theinterior of the capsid, leading to an increase in the stability of such virusesin solutions with high salt concentrations. The delocalization of positivecharge on the capsid protein arms thus profoundly increases reliability ofviral assembly in high-salt solutions.

Influence of salt and viral protein charge distribution on encapsidation of single-stranded viral RNA molecules