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1. Introduction, 2. The (quasi-parallel) foreshock; Ion foreshock, Ionforeshock boundary region; Diffuse ions;Low-frequency upstream waves; Ion beamwaves; The expected wave modes; Observations; Diffuse ion waves; Electronforeshock; Electron beams; Langmuir waves; stability of the electron beam;Electron foreshock boundary waves; Nature of electron foreshock waves;Radiation; Observations; Interpretation; 3. Quasi-parallel shock reformation;Low-Mach number quasi-parallel shocks; Turbulent reformation; Observations;Simulations of quasi-parallel shock reformation; Hybrid simulations in 1D;Hybrid simulations in 2D; Full particle PIC simulations; Conclusions; 4. Hotflow anomalies; Observations; Models and simulations; Solitary shock; 5.Downstream region; 6. Summary and conclusions.

Fundamentals of Non-relativistic Collisionless Shock Physics: IV. Quasi-Parallel Supercritical Shocks