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There has been a vast recent improvement in photometric and kinematic datafor star clusters, Ultra Compact dwarfs, galactic nuclei, and local dSphgalaxies, with Subaru contributing substantially to the photometric studies inparticular. These data show that there is a bimodal distribution in half-lightradii, with stable star clusters always being smaller than 35pc, while stablegalaxies are always larger than 120pc. We extend the previously knownobservational relationships and interpret them in terms of a more fundamentalpair of intrinsic properties of dark matter itself: dark matter forms coredmass distributions, with a core scale length of greater than about 100pc, andalways has a maximum central mass density with a narrow range. The dark matterin dSph galaxies appears to be clustered such that there is a mean volume massdensity within the stellar distribution which has the very low value of about0.1$M_{\odot}$ pc$^{-3}$. None of the dSphs displays kinematics which requirethe presence of an inner cusp, while in two dSphs there is evidence that thedensity profile is shallow (cored) in the inner regions. The maximum centraldark matter density derived is model dependent, but is likely to have a meanvalue (averaged over a volume of radius 10pc) of about 0.1$M_{\odot}$pc$^{-3}$, which is 5GeV/c$^2$cm$^{-3}$). Galaxies are embedded in dark matterhalos with these properties; smaller systems containing dark matter are notobserved.

What is a galaxy? How Cold is Cold Dark Matter? Recent progress in Near Field Cosmology