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Microscopic mechanisms of positive charge transfer in DNA remain unclear. Aquantum state of electron hole in DNA is determined by the competition of thepi-stacking interaction $b$ sharing a charge between different base pairs andthe interaction $\lambda$ with the local environment which attempts to trapcharge. To determine which interaction dominates we investigated charge quantumstates in various $(GC)_{n}$ sequences choosing DNA parameters satisfyingexperimental data for the balance of charge transfer rates $G^{+}\leftrightarrow G_{n}^{+}$, $n=2,3$ \cite{FredMain}. We show that experimentaldata can be consistent with theory only assuming $b\ll \lambda$ meaning thatcharge is typically localized within the single $G$ site. Consequently any DNAsequence including the one consisting of identical base pairs behaves more likean insulating material then a molecular conductor. Our theory can be verifiedexperimentally, for instance measuring balance of charge transfer reactions$G^{+} \leftrightarrow G_{n}^{+}$, $n \geq 4$ and comparing the experimentalresults with our predictions.

Localization of positive charge in DNA induced by its interaction with environment