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We present a full-scale simulation study of a generalized Zakharov model forthe generation of the topside electrostatic turbulence due to the parametricinstability during ionospheric heating experiments near the F region peak. Thenonlinear tunneling of electromagnetic waves through the ionospheric layer isattributed to multiple-stage parametric decay and mode-conversion processes. Atthe bottomside of the F region, electrostatic turbulence excited by theparametric instability results in the conversion of the ordinary (O mode) waveinto a large amplitude extraordinary (Z mode) wave tunneling through the Fpeak. At the topside interaction region, the Z mode undergoes parametric decaycascade process that results in the generation of the topside electrostaticturbulence and then conversion process yielding O waves that escape the plasma.This study may explain the observed topside ionospheric turbulence duringground based ionospheric heating experiments.

Full-scale simulation study of a generalized Zakharov model for the generation of topside ionospheric turbulence