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We show that doped Mott insulators exhibit a collective degree of freedom,not made out of the elemental excitations, because the number ofsingle-particle addition states at low energy per electron per spin is greaterthan one. The presence of such a collective degree of freedom which is not aconsequence of proximity to a phase transition is a consequence of dynamicalspectral weight transfer from high to low energies. This physics is captured bythe charge $2e$ boson that emerges by explicitly integrating out thehigh-energy scale in the Hubbard model. The charge $2e$ boson binds to a hole,thereby mediating new charge $e$ states at low energy. It is the presence ofsuch charge $e$ states which have no counterpart in the non-interacting systemthat provides the general mechanism for the breakdown of Fermi liquid theory indoped Mott insulators. The relationship between the charge $2e$ bosonformulation and the standard perturbative treatment is explained.

Breakdown of Fermi Liquid Theory in Doped Mott Insulators by Dynamical Spectral Weight Transfer