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The surface soil moisture is a key variable to describe the exchange of waterand energy between the land and the atmosphere. In hydrology, and meteorology,the amount of water in the upper soil layers permits (0-5 cm from the surface)the evaluation of the relationship between the real evaporation and thepotential evaporation of the bare soil. It is also possible to determine thedistribution of rainfall or other variables such as hydraulic conductivity.Studies have shown that microwave sensors could be used to scan the surfacesoil moisture. The solution choose by the team associated with the SMOS mission(Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) is to use a radiometer (1.4 GHz) to identifysoil microwave emissions . The measurements are made on the site of CESBIO inToulouse where a 1.4 GHz radiometer is installed . The effect of vegetationcover, soil temperatures, snow cover, topography or moisture variations have animportant role in the broadcast microwave surface. Other parameters such as thepresence of inclusions in the ground (holes, stones), or soil texture can alsodisrupt measurements. The aim of the work that we present in this paper is todevelop a numerical model to simulate complex geological structures. This modelmust take into account all parameters that can affect the equivalentpermittivity measured by the radiometer (surface, moisture variation ,...inclusions). The purpose of this model is to calculate the equivalentpermittivity of these geological structures in order to be able to associatewith each radiometer measurement an equivalent moisture.

Am\'elioration de l'\'etude de l'\'etude de l'humidit\'e de sols par  radiom\'etrie. Caract\'erisation et mod\'elisation di\'electriques de profils  g\'eologiques