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The so-called Miccinelli documents are a set of documents which were writtenby Jesuit scholars in Peru within the first half of the 17th century. Amongsuch documents, one contains the depiction of a Quipu, that is, a device madeout of cords of different nature and colors which, with the help of nodes, wereused by the Incas for storing data. This Quipu is claimed by the author, BlasValera, to be a reproduction of the Inca calendar of the year of the Spanishconquest. We give here a complete analysis of the astronomical events occurredin Cusco in that year, showing that they actually correspond closely to thedata reported in the Quipu, and compare the calendrical information - such asthe names and the rituals of each month - with those given by other documents,especially the Nuova Coronica by G. Poma de Ayala. The possible relevance ofthe document for the knowledge of the original Inca lore of the sky isdiscussed in details.

A calendar Quipu of the early 17th century and its relationship with the Inca astronomy