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A study by infrared spectroscopy of the physisorbed region of catalysisdemonstrated that the intermediates of catalysis exist on the surface as a twodimensional gas. Data in the Atomic Energy Level tables show that of thethousands of positive ions tabulated only approximately one hundred have thelow-lying excited states that produce surface electric fields with a fractionalcharge. The specific catalyst for a reaction has the electric field with thefractional charge which when imparted to the two reactants changes thefrequency of the fields at the sites of reaction on each so that they areharmonically equal, that is their ratio is a power of two. When the tworeactants meet in the electric field of the catalyst resonance occurs. It isduring resonance that electrons are shared, paired and exchanged and bonds arebroken and made. This analysis of catalysis explains the most extraordinaryobservation that a catalyst is Not consumed when used because the catalyst isthe electric fields. These discoveries are applied to explain such diversereactions as the oxidation and chlorination of carbon monoxide and thedestruction of nitric oxide in automobile exhaust. The use of electric fieldsto produce reactions may have application not only in chemistry but in biologyand mechanics as well.

Without Spectroscopy at the Beginning, Catalysis Research Proceeded in the Wrong Direction for More Than 100 Years