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If taken into account, the transmission of the particle-scattering turbulence--in addition to just the particles-- through the shock front can change theeffective compression ratio felt by the accelerating particles significantlyfrom the compression of the underlying plasma. This can lead to significantlyharder energy spectra than what are traditionally predicted assuming frozen-inturbulence. I consider the applicability and limitations of turbulencetransmission scenario in parallel shock waves of different thickness, itsconsequences in AGN and microquasar environments, and discuss the possibleeffects to the spectrum of the accelerated particles.

Hard particle spectra from parallel shocks due to turbulence transmission