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Blood leukocytes can exhibit extensive morphological changes during theirpassage through small capillary vessels. The human monocytic THP-1 cell linewas used to explore the metabolic dependence of these shape changes. Cells wereaspirated into micropipettes for determination of the rate of protrusionformation. They were then released and the kinetics of morphological recoverywas studied. Results were consistent with Evans' model (Blood, 64 : 1028, 1984)of a viscous liquid droplet surrounded by a tensile membrane. The estimatedvalues of cytoplasmic viscosity and membrane tension were 162 Pa.s and 0.0142millinewton/m respectively. The influence of metabolic inhibitors on cellmechanical behaviour was then studied : results strongly suggested thatdeformation involved two sequential phases. The cell elongation rate measuredduring the first 30 seconds following the onset of aspiration was unaffected byazide, an inhibitor of energy production, and it was about doubled bycytochalasin D, a microfilament inhibitor, and colchicine, a microtubuleinhibitor. However, during the following two minutes, deformation was almostabolished in cells treated with azide and cytochalasin D, whereas theprotrusion of control cells exhibited about threefold length increase. It isconcluded that, although cells seemed to deform as passive objects, activemetabolic processes were required to allow extensive morphological changestriggered by external forces.

Mechanical deformation of monocytic THP-1 cells : occurrence of two seqential phases with differential sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors