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We consider a line of three mutually coupled lasers with time delays andstudy chaotic synchronization of the outer lasers. Two different systems arepresented: optoelectronically coupled semiconductor lasers and opticallycoupled fiber lasers. While the dynamics of the two systems are very different,robust synchronization of end lasers is obtained in both cases over a range ofparameters. Here, we present analysis and numerical simulation to explain someof the observed synchronization phenomena. First, we introduce the system ofthree coupled semiconductor lasers and discuss the onset of oscillations thatoccurs via a bifurcation as the coupling strength increases. Next, we analyzethe synchronization of the end lasers by examining the dynamics transverse tosynchronized state. We prove that chaotic synchronization of the outersemiconductor lasers will occur for sufficiently long delays, and we make acomparison to generalized synchronization in driven dissipative systems. It isshown that the stability of synchronous state (as indicated by negativeLyupunov exponents transverse to the synchronization manifold) depends on theinternal dissipation of the outer lasers. We next present numerical simulationsfor three coupled fiber lasers, highlighting some of the differences betweenthe semiconductor and fiber laser systems. Due to the large number of coupledmodes in fiber lasers, this is a good system for investigating spatio-temporalchaos. Stochastic noise is included in the fiber laser model, and synchrony ofthe outer lasers is observed even at very small coupling strengths.

Zero Lag Synchronization of Mutually Coupled Lasers in the Presence of Delays