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In Europe (e.g., in Italy), and in the States, the opinion is widelyspreading that the negative consequences of modern progress are the fault of"Science". A lively debate on this topic took place among the famous writerLeonardo Sciascia and Italian physicists like Edoardo Amaldi and Emilio Segre',when Sciascia wrote his known book about the disappearance of Ettore Majorana,a book that presented Majorana (a very reserved theoretical physicist) as anexample of the scientist that keeps his discoveries secret when afraid ofpossible evil applications. We wish to contribute now to such a question, sincemany special meetings did recently return to it, while celebrating thecentenary of Majorana's birth (2006), or 30 years (2005) from Sciascia's bookpublication. It appeared natural to us to start with the figure of Einstein,who, even if extremely peaceable, supported the atomic bomb construction by hisletter to Roosvelt. We discuss first the significance of part of Einsteins'sscientific work (which flourished in particular one century ago): We seize thisopportunity for presenting a derivation of the "twins paradox", so simple thatit has been taught to Senior High School last-year students or Universityundergraduate students; all the present work, more in general, is addressedmainly to them. In the second part of this paper, we analyse the generalmeaning of Einstein's contributions to philosophy and pedagogy. The third partis entirely devoted to our main subject, i.e., to discussing the"Responsibility of the Intellectuals". The reader interested chiefly in thislast part, can find it re-expounded in a self-contained way in the Appendix.More information in the Contents of this article.

Einstein, Sciascia, Majorana, Amaldi, e il Rapporto tra Intellettuali e  Potere (Einstein, Sciascia, Majorana, Amaldi, and the Relationship of  Intellectuals with the Power)