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Current interferometric gravitational wave detectors (IGWDs) are operated atroom temperature with test masses made from fused silica. Fused silica showsvery low absorption at the laser wavelength of 1064 nm. It is also well suitedto realize low thermal noise floors in the detector signal band since it offerslow mechanical loss, i. e. high quality factors (Q factors) at roomtemperature. However, for a further reduction of thermal noise, cooling thetest masses to cryogenic temperatures may prove an interesting technique. Herewe compare the results of Q factor measurements at cryogenic temperatures ofacoustic eigenmodes of test masses from fused silica and its crystallinecounterpart. Our results show that the mechanical loss of fused silicaincreases with lower temperature and reaches a maximum at 30 K for frequenciesof slightly above 10 kHz. The losses of crystalline quartz generally show lowervalues and even fall below the room temperature values of fused silica below 10K. Our results show that in comparison to fused silica, crystalline quartz hasa considerably narrower and lower dissipation peak on cooling and thus has morepromise as a test mass material for IGDWs operated at cryogenic temperatures.The origin of the different Q factor versus temperature behavior of the twomaterials is discussed.

On the mechanical quality factors of cryogenic test masses from fused silica and crystalline quartz