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The treatment of exact conservation laws in Lagrangian gauge theoriesconstitutes the main axis of the first part of the thesis. The formalism isdeveloped as a self-consistent theory but is inspired by earlier works, mainlyby cohomological results, covariant phase space methods and by the Hamiltonianformalism. The thermodynamical properties of black holes, especially the firstlaw, are studied in a general geometrical setting and are worked out forseveral black objects: black holes, strings and rings. Also, the geometricaland thermodynamical properties of a new family of black holes with closedtimelike curves in three dimensions are described.  The second part of the thesis is the natural generalization of the first partto asymptotic analyses. We start with a general construction of covariant phasespaces admitting asymptotically conserved charges. The representation of theasymptotic symmetry algebra by a covariant Poisson bracket among the conservedcharges is then defined and is shown to admit generically central extensions.The asymptotic structures of three three-dimensional spacetimes are thenstudied in detail and the consequences for quantum gravity in three dimensionsare discussed.

Symmetries and conservation laws in Lagrangian gauge theories with applications to the mechanics of black holes and to gravity in three dimensions