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An encounter-based network is a frequently disconnected wireless ad-hocnetwork requiring nearby neighbors to store and forward data utilizing mobilityand encounters over time. Using traditional approaches such as gateways orfirewalls for deterring worm propagation in encounter-based networks isinappropriate. Because this type of network is highly dynamic and has nospecific boundary, a distributed counter-worm mechanism is needed. We proposemodels for the worm interaction approach that relies upon automated beneficialworm generation to alleviate problems of worm propagation in such networks. Westudy and analyze the impact of key mobile node characteristics including nodecooperation, immunization, on-off behavior on the worm propagations andinteractions. We validate our proposed model using extensive simulations. Wealso find that, in addition to immunization, cooperation can reduce the levelof worm infection. Furthermore, on-off behavior linearly impacts only timingaspect but not the overall infection. Using realistic mobile networkmeasurements, we find that encounters are non-uniform, the trends areconsistent with the model but the magnitudes are drastically different.Immunization seems to be the most effective in such scenarios. These findingsprovide insight that we hope would aid to develop counter-worm protocols infuture encounter-based networks.

On the Performance Evaluation of Encounter-based Worm Interactions Based on Node Characteristics