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An index-guiding photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with an array of air holessurrounding the silica core region has special characteristics compared toconventional single-mode fibers (SMFs). Using the effective index method andthe Gaussian beam propagation theory, the macro-bending and splice losses forPCFs are investigated. The wavelength dependence of the cladding index of thePCF has been taken properly into account. We obtain the effective spot size fordifferent configurations of PCFs, which is used for computing the splicelosses. The Gaussian approximation for the fundamental modal field leads tosimple closed-form expressions for the splice losses produced by transverse,longitudinal and angular offsets. Calculations of macro-bending losses arebased on antenna theory for bend standard fibers.

Prediction of Macrobending and Splice Losses for Photonic Crystal Fibers based on the Effective Index Method