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The control of open quantum systems has a fundamental relevance for fieldsranging from quantum information processing to nanotechnology. Typically, thesystem whose coherent dynamics one wants to manipulate, interacts with anenvironment that smoothly degrades its quantum dynamics. Thus, a preciseunderstanding of the inner mechanisms of this process, called "decoherence", iscritical to develop strategies to control the quantum dynamics. In this thesiswe solved the generalized Liouville-von Neumann quantum master equation toobtain the dynamics of many-spin systems interacting with a spin bath. We alsosolve the spin dynamics within the Keldysh formalism. Both methods lead toidentical solutions and together gave us the possibility to obtain numerousphysical predictions that contrast well with Nuclear Magnetic Resonanceexperiments. We applied these tools for molecular characterizations,development of new numerical methodologies and the control of quantum dynamicsin experimental implementations. But, more important, these results contributedto fundamental physical interpretations of how quantum dynamics behaves in opensystems. In particular, we found a manifestation of an environmentally inducedquantum dynamical phase transition.

Decoherence of many-spin systems in NMR: From molecular characterization to an environmentally induced quantum dynamical phase transition