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In this thesis, we consider some spin effects in QCD and recurrence latticeswith multi-site exchanges. Main topic of our manuscript are critical phenomenain spin systems defined on the recurrence lattices. Main tool of our approachis the method of recursive (hierarchical) lattices. We apply the method ofdynamical mapping (or recursive lattices) for investigation of magneticproperties of the fluid and solid $^3$He, phase transitions in crystals andmacromolecules. First, we analyze the helix-coil phase transition forpolypeptides and proteins, and describe an quasi unfolding transition (like thecold denaturation process) for the degree of helicity (the order parameter formacromolecules). Next we consider the recurrent models of $^3$He defined on thesquare, Husimi and hexagon lattices. Using the method of dynamical mapping, themagnetization curves with plateaus, bifurcation point and one period doublingare obtained. Then we investigate the model with cubic symmetry defined on theBethe lattice and containing both linear and quadratic spin-spin interactions.The magnetization of the system is calculated, and a complex structure of thephase transitions between the disordered, partially ordered and completelyordered states is observed. In the framework of QCD, we consider the azimuthalasymmetries in heavy flavor production in the lepton-nucleon deep inelasticscattering (DIS). We calculate the azimuthal (or $\phi$-) dependence of thenext-to-leading order heavy-quark-initiated contributions to DIS. It is shownthat, contrary to the basic gluon-initiated component, the photon-quarkscattering mechanism is practically $\cos2\phi$-independent. We investigate thepossibility of measuring both nonperturbative (intrinsic) and perturbative(CTEQ, MRST) charm distributions using the $\cos2\phi$ asymmetry.

Spin Effects in Quantum Chromodynamics and Recurrence Lattices with Multi-Site Exchanges