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For the 100 largest European universities we studied the statisticalproperties of bibliometric indicators related to research performance, fieldcitation density and journal impact. We find a size-dependent cumulativeadvantage for the impact of universities in terms of total number of citations.In previous work a similar scaling rule was found at the level of researchgroups. Therefore we conjecture that this scaling rule is a prevalent propertyof the science system. We observe that lower performance universities have alarger size-dependent cumulative advantage for receiving citations thantop-performance universities. We also find that for the lower-performanceuniversities the fraction of not-cited publications decreases considerably withsize. Generally, the higher the average journal impact of the publications of auniversity, the lower the number of not-cited publications. We find that theaverage research performance does not dilute with size. Large top-performanceuniversities succeed in keeping a high performance over a broad range ofactivities. This most probably is an indication of their scientific attractivepower. Next we find that particularly for the lower-performance universitiesthe field citation density provides a strong cumulative advantage in citationsper publication. The relation between number of citations and field citationdensity found in this study can be considered as a second basic scaling rule ofthe science system. Top-performance universities publish in journals withsignificantly higher journal impact as compared to the lower performanceuniversities. We find a significant decrease of the fraction of self-citationswith increasing research performance, average field citation density, andaverage journal impact.

Bibliometric statistical properties of the 100 largest European universities: prevalent scaling rules in the science system