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ESA's Envisat mission carried a RA-2 radar altimeter since its launch in 2002to sense sea state and especially measure sea surface height (SSH). The onboardprocessing combined multiple echoes incoherently to reduce Speckle noise andbenefit from data compression. In fact, according to past literature theamplitudes were generally expected to be independent. Nevertheless, samples ofcomplex data time series of individual echoes (IE) were down-linked andarchived since 2004 for research studies. In this note we demonstrate thatthere is sufficient inter-pulse coherence for Doppler processing and we suggestthat the archived data can be re-processed into improved SSH. This is ofparticular interest in challenging domains (e.g., coastal zone) where coherentprocessing can mitigate errors from ocean surface backscatter inhomogeneity andnearby land backscatter. A new method called zero-Doppler to process IEs isthus proposed and discussed.

Coherent ranging with Envisat radar altimeter: a new perspective in analyzing altimeter data using Doppler Processing