Türk Modernleşmesinde Spor: Tanzimat'tan Erken Cumhuriyet'e

In this investigation, it is tried to explicate the elements and direction of institutional change that sport has undergone in Turkish modernization, the process of institutionalization of modern sports is divided into three phases. In the process of reform (Tanzimat) it is seen that traditional wrestling and sport tekkes in Ottoman were liquidated. Towards the end of the period of the reform (Tanzimat) that tradition began to disintegrate, secularisation accelerated, gymnastics which is a western sport branch entered Ottoman society by the effect of french through integrating into modern schools of the era and education system. This phase is the first phase of modernization in sport which first signs of the effect of westernization in sport was also seen. In the early 20th century after football was inserted to Turkey by the hand of English, Turks as well after a period of time quickly taking the process of foundation of clubs and leagues limited to İstanbul forms the second phase of modernization of sport; in this phase massificating of sport via football by gaining independence from physical education and gymnastics equation, quickly turning into institution were emerged as distinctive indicators. With the starting of 1920s the establishment of Union of Turkish Training Association (TICI) in case forms the third phase. This phase anymore, correspond to multi sports institutionalization more than a single sport institutionalization based on football; efforts to reach all of Turkey from the limitation in İstanbul; a central-national sport organization which is the sole arbiter in the country from cosmopolitan and desultory structure based on football; a bureaucratic rational structure enlarged the surface of the country. In 1936 to get through Turkish Sport Association (TSK) is a radical style confiscation of Kemalist state also on sport which completed its modernization. This practice reflects the corporatist state policy.