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. Knowledge of the processes governing salt intrusion inestuaries is important, since it influences the eco-environment of estuariesas well as its water resource potential in many ways. Analytical models ofsalinity variation offer a simple and efficient method for studying saltintrusion in estuaries. In this paper, an unsteady analytical solution ispresented to predict the spatio-temporal variation in salinity inconvergent estuaries. It is derived from a one-dimensionaladvection–diffusion equation for salinity, adopting a constant mixingcoefficient and a single-frequency tidal wave, which can directly reflectthe influence of the tidal motion and the interaction between the tide andrunoff. The deduced analytical solution is illustrated with an applicationto the Humen estuary of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and proves to be anefficient and accurate approach for predicting the salt intrusion in convergentestuaries. The unsteady analytical solution is tested against observationsfrom six study sites to validate its capability to predict intratidalvariation in salt intrusion. The results show that the proposed unsteadyanalytical solution can be successfully used to reproduce the spatialdistribution and temporal processes governing salinity dynamics inconvergent, well-mixed estuaries. The proposed method provides a quick andconvenient approach for deciding on water-fetching methods to make good use ofwater resources.

Analytical model captures intratidal variation in salinity in a convergent, well-mixed estuary