Open AccessImmunometabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus: tissue-specific interactions
Author(s) -
Erika Pinheiro-Machado,
Ewa Gurgul-Convey,
Michał Marzec
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
archives of medical science/archives of medical science (online)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1
H-Index - 46
eISSN - 1896-9151
pISSN - 1734-1922
DOI - 10.5114/aoms.2020.92674
Subject(s) - immune system , medicine , inflammation , adipose tissue , context (archaeology) , autoimmunity , immunology , diabetes mellitus , type 2 diabetes mellitus , pancreas , endocrinology , biology , paleontology
The immune system is frequently described in the context of its protective function against infections and its role in the development of autoimmunity. For more than a decade, the interactions between the immune system and metabolic processes have been reported, in effect creating a new research field, termed immunometabolism. Accumulating evidence supports the hypo¬thesis that the development of metabolic diseases may be linked to inflammation, and reflects, in some cases, the activation of immune responses. As such, immunometabolism is defined by 1) inflammation as a driver of disease development and/or 2) metabolic processes stimulating cellular differentiation of the immune components. In this review, the main factors capable of altering the immuno-metabolic communication leading to the development and establishment of obesity and diabetes are comprehensively presented. Tissue-specific immune responses suggested to impair metabolic processes are described, with an emphasis on the adipose tissue, gut, muscle, liver, and pancreas.