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Formamide (NH2CHO) is considered an important prebiotic molecule because ofits potential to form peptide bonds. It was recently detected in the atmosphereof the HH 212 protostellar disk on the Solar-System scale where planets willform. Here we have mapped it and its potential parent molecules HNCO and H2CO,along with other molecules CH3OH and CH3CHO, in the disk atmosphere, studyingits formation mechanism. Interestingly, we find a stratified distribution ofthese molecules, with the outer emission radius increasing from ~ 24 au forNH2CHO and HNCO, to 36 au for CH3CHO, to 40 au for CH3OH, and then to 48 au forH2CO. More importantly, we find that the increasing order of the outer emissionradius of NH2CHO, CH3OH, and H2CO is consistent with the decreasing order oftheir binding energies, supporting that they are thermally desorbed from theice mantle on dust grains. We also find that HNCO, which has much lower bindingenergy than NH2CHO, has almost the same spatial distribution, kinematics, andtemperature as NH2CHO, and is thus more likely a daughter species of desorbedNH2CHO. On the other hand, we find that H2CO has a more extended spatialdistribution with different kinematics from NH2CHO, thus questioning whether itcan be the gas-phase parent molecule of NH2CHO.

Stratified Distribution of Organic Molecules at the Planet-Formation Scale in the HH 212 Disk Atmosphere