ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTOSIS IS THE INTERSECTION OF HEMATOLOGY AND CARDIOLOGY. Review

Relevance. Essential thrombocytosis (ET) is a pathology of clonal hematopoietic stem cells, which is manifested by increased platelet formation. This pathology is quite rare and refers to myeloproliferative diseases. It is more common for women in two age groups: 50-70 y.o. and 20-30 y.o. Objective. Evaluate diagnostic criteria, determine the risk of complications and, depending on this, a treatment plan for essential thrombocytosis. Methods. Analysis of scientific publications in PubMed by keywords for the period 2006-2020.  Case Comparison. Results. The article discusses the pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostic criteria, determining the risk of complications and, depending on this, the treatment plan. ET is characterized with an increase in the number of megakaryocytes (MGKC) in the bone marrow (BM) and morphological changes in platelets, resulting in functional impairment of the latter. ET has long asymptomatic period. Manifestations of the disease are opposite: thrombosis and bleeding. Among multiple vessels that can be impaired, thrombosis of coronary arteries with a myocardial infarction development occurs in 5,3-12% of patients. In this clinical case patients have to be treated according to the guidelines of management of acute coronary syndrome, however they also have to start pathogenetic treatment. The article provides a clinical example illustrating the need for early pre-asymptomatic diagnosis of ET. In this clinical case, modern algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of such complications of ET as myocardial infarction are considered. Conclusions. From the above we can conclude that early asymptomatic diagnosis of ET is needed for stratification of the risk of thromboembolic complications according to new recommendations with timely startetd pathogenetic therapy.