Does Increasing Parental Knowledge of Healthy Behaviors Lead to Lifestyle Changes for Overweight or Obese Children? A Prospective Study

The prevalence of childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome have increased in the United States in recent decades, causing significant concern among experts and practitioners in kinesiology and medicine. However, exercise and dietetic science suggest that the risk factors and associated health concerns could be mitigated with regular physical activity and proper nutrition. However, many individuals face barriers to a healthier lifestyle due to misinformation and a lack of awareness. One group that may be especially susceptible to these obstacles is children, since they rely on parents or guardians for setting rules and boundaries, establishing routines and habits, and acting as role models. This prospective study was designed to determine if educating parents of overweight or obese children on healthy and unhealthy lifestyle choices would translate to changes in the reported behaviors of their children. An initial survey identified and addressed risk factors for metabolic syndrome in children, and a follow-up survey inquired about change in nutrition, physical activity, and screen time. While there was a moderate correlation between the intervention and reported changes in nutritional practices, there was little lifestyle change overall. These findings suggest that simply diagnosing risk factors or providing educational opportunities are not likely to be sufficient to elicit behavioral change in family units. Since the health behaviors of parents and children are intertwined, parents should be informed on issues relating to health. Interventions that are tailored to specific families or individuals may be more successful.