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Nitrogen Rates and Sources Affect Yield and Profitability of Maize in Pakistan
Author(s) -
Khan Amanullah,
Almas Lal K.,
AlNoaim Muhammad I.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
crop, forage and turfgrass management
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.29
H-Index - 10
ISSN - 2374-3832
DOI - 10.2134/cftm2014.0021
Subject(s) - urea , ammonium sulfate , nitrogen , grain yield , cultivar , fertilizer , yield (engineering) , ammonium nitrate , zoology , mathematics , field experiment , chemistry , agronomy , biology , materials science , biochemistry , metallurgy , organic chemistry , chromatography
Nitrogen is one of the most important factors affecting maize yield and profitability. To investigate the impact of N fertilizer sources (urea, calcium ammonium nitrate [CAN] and ammonium sulfate [AS]) applied in various amounts (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha −1 ) on grain yield and profitability of maize genotypes, local cultivars (Azam and Jalal) versus hybrid (Pioneer‐3025) field experiments were done during summer 2008–09 (Year 1) and 2009–10 (Year 2). The N yielded 41 and 26% more grain than the check in Year 1 and Year 2, respectively. In both years, grain yield increased in response to the increase in N application. Application of CAN and AS resulted in more grain yield than urea in Year 1, while no differences in yield were observed in Year 2. The hybrid (P‐3025) yielded 30 and 24% more grain than the average of local cultivars in Years 1 and 2, respectively. In Year 1, the net returns (NR) of PKR16262 ha −1 (one US$ = 95 Pakistani Rupees) was obtained with CAN but value cost ratio (VCR) of 3.7 was noticed with urea; in Year 2, both NR (PKR14271 ha −1 ) and VCR (3.1) was greatest with urea. In both years, the greatest NR was obtained with 100 and 150 kg N ha −1 . Application of urea at 150 and 200 kg N ha −1 , CAN at 100 and 150 kg N ha −1 , and AS at 50 and 100 kg N ha −1 was economical in terms of NR in both years.