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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of salinity on growth and nutrient uptake in basil ( Ocimum basilicum  L. ‘Siam Queen’). Plants were fertilized with a complete nutrient solution and exposed to no, low, or moderate levels of salinity using NaCl or CaCl 2 . The plants in control and moderate salinity treatments were also inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF),  Rhizophagus irregularis  (Blaszk., Wubet, Renker, &amp; Buscot) C. Walker &amp; A. Schler., to determine whether AMF mitigate the effects of salinity stress. Electrical conductivity (EC) of leachate collected from salinity treatments reached levels ≥8 dS·m −1  but had no effect on plant growth in the first 41 days of treatment. However, by 75 days, plants exposed to low and moderate levels of NaCl and CaCl 2  had 20% to 38% less dry weight (DW) than controls. Reductions in DW were similar between NaCl and CaCl 2  and was greater in roots than in shoots. Both NaCl and CaCl 2  salinity reduced stomatal conductance ( g  S ) within 25 days, but hastened flowering by 2–3 days, and nearly doubled the DW of flowers at 75 days. Salinity from NaCl increased uptake of Na and reduced uptake of Ca, whereas CaCl 2  salinity increased uptake of Ca and reduced uptake of Mg and Mn. Both salts also increased relative uptake of N, Cu, and Zn, and reduced relative uptake of S and Fe. In general, Na was concentrated in roots and excluded from shoots, whereas Cl was concentrated primarily in leaves. Both salts reduced root colonization by AMF. However, AMF increased  g  S  by 10% with NaCl and 22% with CaCl 2 , and increased shoot DW by 22% and 43%, respectively. Other than Ca and Cl, AMF did not enhance nutrient uptake under NaCl or CaCl 2  salinity. ‘Siam Queen’ basil was moderately tolerant to salinity, due at least in part to exclusion of Na from the shoots, and inoculation with AMF increased tolerance to both NaCl and CaCl 2  salinity. Differences in basil tolerance to NaCl and CaCl 2  indicate plants may have different mechanisms for dealing with salinity and sensitivity is not solely a function of EC. This highlights the importance of understanding the source of salinity in irrigation waters and soil for predicting damage.

Salt Exclusion and Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Increase Tolerance to NaCl and CaCl2 Salinity in ‘Siam Queen’ Basil