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STABILITAS HASIL DAN MUTU ENAM GENOTIPE HARAPAN JAHE PUTIH KECIL (Zingiber officinale Rosc. var amarum) PADA BEBERAPA AGROEKOLOGI
Author(s) -
Nurliani Bermawie,
SITTI FATIMAH SYAHID,
NUR AJIJAH,
SUSI PURWIYANTI,
BUDI MARTONO
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
jurnal penelitian tanaman industri (industrial crops research journal)/jurnal penelitian tanaman industri
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2528-6870
pISSN - 0853-8212
DOI - 10.21082/jlittri.v19n2.2013.58-65
Subject(s) - biology , physics , horticulture
ABSTRAK Peningkatan produktivitas dan mutu jahe putih kecil memerlukan bahan tanaman unggul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui stabilitas hasil dan mutu enam genotipe jahe putih kecil pada berbagai kondisi agroekologi. Enam genotipe harapan jahe putih kecil dan dua genotipe lokal sebagai pembanding diuji selama dua musim tanam di empat lokasi (Sukabumi, Sumedang, Majalengka, dan Garut) pada tahun 2004 sampai 2006. Rancangan percobaan dilakukan mengikuti rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan. Jarak tanam 60 x 40 cm dengan populasi per plot sebanyak 100 tanaman. Parameter yang diamati adalah hasil (bobot rimpang per rumpun) dan mutu (kadar minyak atsiri, fenol total, sari larut air, dan sari larut alkohol). Analisis stabilitas hasil menggunakan metoda Yau dan Hamblin. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan genotipe ZIOF-0049 dan ZIOF-0050 menghasilkan rimpang dengan rataan bobot aktual cukup tinggi serta stabil pada berbagai kondisi agroeokologi. Kadar minyak atsiri genotipe ZIOF-0049 sedang (2,92%), sedangkan ZIOF-0050 tinggi (3,28%). Genotipe ZIOF-0046 memiliki kadar minyak atsiri cukup tinggi (3,91%), dan stabil di seluruh unit pengujian. Selain kadar minyak atsiri genotipe ZIOF-0046 juga memiliki kadar fenol (3,04%) dan kadar sari larut air (24,40%) yang cukup tinggi. Genotipe ZIOF-0008 memiliki kadar minyak atsiri yang tinggi (3,64%) dan stabil pada berbagai unit pengujian. Empat genotipe ZIOF-0049, ZIOF-0050, ZIOF-0046, dan ZIOF-0008 menunjukkan karakter stabil pada sifat hasil dan mutu rimpang sehingga layak untuk direkomendasikan sebagai genotipe unggul dan beradaptasi luas. Kata kunci: Zingiber officinale var. amarum, jahe putih kecil, interaksi genetik dan lingkungan, hasil, mutu ABSTRACT The provision of superior genotype having stable yield and quality is a prerequisite for the productivity and quality improvement of small white ginger. Research to study stability of yield and quality was undertaken on six promising genotypes with two control variety by multi environmental tests in four locations (Sukabumi, Sumedang, Majalengka, and Garut) for two growing seasons from 2004-2006. The experiment used a randomized block design with three replicates, 60 cm x 40 cm plant spacing, 100 plants per plot. Parameters observed were fresh rhizome yield and quality (essential oil content, total phenolic content, water soluble extract, and alcohol soluble extract). Stability analysis was undertaken based on Yau and Hamblin method. Genotype ZIOF-0049 and ZIOF-0050 produced the high rhizome weight and considered to be relatively stable at four locations. Essential oils content of ZIOF-0049 were medium (2,92%) and ZIOF-0050 were high (3,28%). Genotypes that have high content of essential oil (3,91%) and stable in various testing unit was ZIOF-0046. In addition to the essential oil content, genotypes ZIOF- 0046 also had phenol (3,04%) and water-soluble extract (24,40%) content were high. Genotype ZIOF-0008 has a high volatile oil content (3,64%) and stable in various testing unit. Four genotypes ZIOF-0049, ZIOF-0050, ZIOF-0046 and ZIOF-0008 showed stable in rhizome yield and quality characters. That were deserves to be recommended as superior genotypes and wide adaptation. Key words: Zingiber officinale var. amarum, small white ginger, genetic and environment interaction, yield, quality

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