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This article aims to examine the turbulent course of the Aetolian League in the confused years after the Antiochian War (191–188) up until 160/159, when its leader at the time, Lykiskos, passed away. Military defeats, political developments and economic problems will be studied together in order to form an accurate interpretation of the internal strife inside the  Koinon . In addition, the factor of Rome also needs to be taken into consideration, as the new power seems to have adopted a cautious stance, intervening in the League’s internal politics only when it was considered necessary. Prominent (and relatively neglected in the modern literature) Aetolians of this era, like Thoas and Lykiskos, as well as their crucial political roles, are also analysed.

The Sphinx and the She-Wolf: Some Remarks on Aetolian Politics after the Antiochian War