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An ethanol extract from  Veratrum lobelianum  Bernh. rhizomes showed larvicidal activity with LC 50  values of 11.79 ppm and 89.9 ppm against 1 st  and 4 th  instar larvae, respectively, at 24 h post-treatment. The extract also showed proportion not biting (PNB) value of 0.76 at 100 μg/cm 2  against females of  Ae .  aegypti . Systematic bioassay-guided fractionation of  V .  lobelianum  extract resulted in the isolation of five compounds that were identified as ethyl palmitate ( 1 ), ethyl linoleate ( 2 ), β-sitosterol ( 3 ), resveratrol ( 4 ) and oxyresveratrol ( 5 ) by GC-MS,  1 H-NMR, and  13 C-NMR techniques, comparison with literature data, and confirmation with authentic compounds. Compound  2  exhibited larvicidal activity with an LC 50  value of 24.1 (22.0-26.2) ppm whereas  1  was inactive. β-Sitosterol ( 3 ) displayed the highest larvicidal activity with LC 50 = 1.7 (1.3-12.3) ppm and LC 90 = 5.1 (3.4-13.8) ppm. Compounds  4  and  5  had larvicidal activity with LC 50  values of 18.5 (15.3-23.3) and 22.6 (19.0-26.8) ppm, respectively, and had an equivalent PNB values of 0.75 at 25 nmol/cm 2 . In addition,  4  and  5  were explored for their human-based repellency against  Ae .  aegypti , attractiveness against male medflies  Ceratitis capitata , and also evaluated against series of human carcinoma cells (A549, HEK293, HeLa, SH-SY5Y); however, no significant activity was found.

Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of Aedes aegypti larvicidal and biting deterrent compounds from Veratrum lobelianum