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Bias and standard error for social reciprocity measurements
Author(s) -
Solanas Antonio,
Leiva David,
Salafranca Lluís
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
british journal of mathematical and statistical psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.157
H-Index - 51
eISSN - 2044-8317
pISSN - 0007-1102
DOI - 10.1348/000711009x426253
Subject(s) - estimator , reciprocal , reciprocity (cultural anthropology) , skew , consistency (knowledge bases) , standard error , statistics , mathematics , null hypothesis , measure (data warehouse) , econometrics , computer science , psychology , social psychology , data mining , discrete mathematics , telecommunications , philosophy , linguistics
The directional consistency and skew‐symmetry statistics have been proposed as global measure of social reciprocity. Although both measures can be useful for quantifying social reciprocity, researchers need to know whether these estimators are biased in order properly to assess descriptive results. That is, if estimators are biased, researchers should compare actual values with expected values under the specified null hypothesis. Furthermore, standard errors are needed to enable suitable assessment of discrepancies between actual and expected values. This paper aims to derive some exact and approximate expressions in order to obtain bias and standard error values for both estimators for round‐robin designs, although the results can also be extended to other reciprocal designs.