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Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous ncRNA, which widely exist in the transcriptomes of different species and tissues. Recent studies indicate important roles for circRNAs in the regulation of gene expression by acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). However, the specific role of circRNAs in myogenesis is still poorly understood. In this study, we attempted to systematically identify the circRNAs involved in myogenesis and analyze the biological functions of circRNAs in chicken skeletal muscle development. Results In total, 532 circRNAs were identified as being differentially expressed between pectoralis major (PEM) and soleus (SOL) in 7-week-old Xinghua chicken. Among them, a novel circRNA (novel_circ_002621), generated by  PTPN4  gene, was named  circPTPN4  and identified.  circPTPN4  is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, and its expression level is upregulated during myoblast differentiation.  circPTPN4  facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of myoblast. Moreover,  circPTPN4  suppresses mitochondria biogenesis and activates fast-twitch muscle phenotype. Mechanistically,  circPTPN4  can function as a ceRNA to regulate  NAMPT  expression by sponging  miR-499-3p , thus participating in AMPK signaling. Conclusions circPTPN4  functions as a ceRNA to regulate  NAMPT  expression by sponging  miR-499-3p , thus promoting the proliferation and differentiation of myoblast, as well as activating fast-twitch muscle phenotype.

circPTPN4 regulates myogenesis via the miR-499-3p/NAMPT axis