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Background  Butenyl-spinosyn, produced by  Saccharopolyspora pogona , is a promising biopesticide due to excellent insecticidal activity and broad pesticidal spectrum. Bacterioferritin (Bfr, encoded by  bfr ) regulates the storage and utilization of iron, which is essential for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. However, the effect of Bfr on the growth and butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis in  S. pogona  has not been explored.    Results  Here, we found that the storage of intracellular iron influenced butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis and the stress resistance of  S. pogona , which was regulated by Bfr. The overexpression of  bfr  increased the production of butenyl-spinosyn by 3.14-fold and enhanced the tolerance of  S. pogona  to iron toxicity and oxidative damage, while the knockout of  bfr  had the opposite effects. Based on the quantitative proteomics analysis and experimental verification, the inner mechanism of these phenomena was explored. Overexpression of  bfr  enhanced the iron storage capacity of the strain, which activated polyketide synthase genes and enhanced the supply of acyl-CoA precursors to improve butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis. In addition, it induced the oxidative stress response to improve the stress resistance of  S. pogona .    Conclusion  Our work reveals the role of Bfr in increasing the yield of butenyl-spinosyn and enhancing the stress resistance of  S. pogona , and provides insights into its enhancement on secondary metabolism, which provides a reference for optimizing the production of secondary metabolites in actinomycetes.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01651-x.

Bacterioferritin: a key iron storage modulator that affects strain growth and butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis in Saccharopolyspora pogona