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Background  Owing to antibiotic resistance, alternative antimicrobials from medicinal plants are receiving attention as leads for anti-infective agents. This study aimed to investigate selected tree species and their constituents for activity against bacterial foodborne pathogens, particularly  Salmonella  serovars.    Methods  Antibacterial activity of ten plant species was determined by serial microdilution against bacteria implicated in causing gastrointestinal ailments. Active compounds were isolated from  Loxostylis alata  using bioassay-guided fractionation. Antioxidant activity was determined using free-radical scavenging assays. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the extracts was ascertained on Vero cells, and using the Ames assay respectively.    Results  Extracts had low to moderate MIC values from 0.04 to 2.5 mg/mL.  Protorhus longifolia  and  Loxostylis alata  were most active and  L. alata  had the highest selectivity index value (2.51) against  Salmonella  Typhimurium, as well as high antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity values ranged from 0.02 to 0.47 mg/mL, while tested extracts were not genotoxic. Bioactive compounds isolated from  L. alata  included delicaflavone and a polymethoxyflavone.    Conclusions  The  Loxostylis alata  leaf extract had strong activity against  Salmonella  serovars but isolated compounds were less active, indicating likely synergistic effects. Extracts of  L. alata  are promising candidates for development of antimicrobial preparations or food additives against microbial contamination.

In vitro antibacterial activity of Loxostylis alata extracts and isolated compounds against Salmonella species