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Aim  To establish a nomogram model to predict the risk of macrosomia in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in China.    Methods  We retrospectively collected the medical records of 783 pregnant women with gestational diabetes who underwent prenatal examinations and delivered at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from October 2019 to October 2020. The pregnant women were randomly divided into two groups in a 4:1 ratio to generate and validate the model. The independent risk factors for macrosomia in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, and the nomogram model to predict the risk of macrosomia in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus was established and verified by R software.    Results  Logistic regression analysis showed that prepregnancy body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, biparietal diameter and amniotic fluid index were independent risk factors for macrosomia ( P  < 0.05). The areas under the ROC curve for internal and external validation of the model were 0.813 (95 % confidence interval 0.754–0.862) and 0.903 (95 % confidence interval 0.588–0.967), respectively. The calibration curve was a straight line with a slope close to 1.    Conclusions  In this study, we constructed a nomogram model to predict the risk of macrosomia in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The model has good discrimination and calibration abilities, which can help clinical healthcare staff accurately predict macrosomia in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Establishment of a nomogram model to predict macrosomia in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus